The ‘Held by Production’ (HBP) clause is a pivotal yet often misunderstood element in Australian resource leases, especially in the mining, oil, and gas sectors. As the energy transition accelerates in 2025, this clause is front and centre for landowners, investors, and companies negotiating new and legacy lease agreements. Whether you own rural land, invest in resource projects, or are simply curious about your rights, understanding HBP could shape your financial outcomes for years to come.

What Is a Held by Production Clause?

At its core, a Held by Production clause means a lease remains in effect as long as the lessee (usually a resource company) continues to produce minerals or energy in “paying quantities.” This provision can allow companies to retain control of large land parcels for decades, provided some level of extraction is maintained—even if minimal.

Mining and Petroleum Leases: Most common in mining, oil, and gas leases across Queensland, New South Wales, and Western Australia.
Paying Quantities: The legal threshold for “production” is often hotly debated. In 2025, courts look at both economic returns and operational intent.
Impact on Landowners: If a lease is HBP, landowners may not regain full use or control of their land until production ceases entirely.

2025 Legal and Policy Developments

The landscape for HBP clauses is shifting. In early 2025, the Queensland Government updated its Model Mining Development Conditions, aiming to clarify lease renewal and cessation criteria. New South Wales is considering similar reforms, prompted by disputes over gas leases in the Hunter Valley and Narrabri regions.

Case Example: In 2024, a group of farmers near Roma, QLD, challenged a gas company’s claim that sporadic, low-level extraction met the “paying quantities” requirement. The Land Court ruled that continuous, good-faith production was necessary—not just token output.
Investor Watch: ASX-listed resource firms now face stricter disclosure rules around lease status and production thresholds, following recent ASIC guidance. This transparency is reshaping how investors assess long-term project viability.

Implications for Landowners, Investors, and the Future

For rural landholders, HBP clauses can mean years of uncertainty. Some see steady royalty streams, while others face disrupted farming and delayed land restoration. Here’s what to consider in 2025:

Know Your Lease Terms: Not all leases are created equal. Check for automatic renewals, “shut-in” provisions (allowing non-production periods), and local variations.
Negotiation Opportunities: With the energy transition, some companies are open to renegotiating or relinquishing leases on marginal land—especially as carbon farming and renewables gain traction.
Community Trends: More landowner groups are banding together to push for fairer HBP terms, better rehabilitation plans, and compensation models reflecting 2025 land values.

For investors, understanding a project’s HBP status is critical. Leases held by minimal production may face regulatory scrutiny or sudden expiry if governments tighten definitions. ESG-conscious funds are increasingly factoring in HBP risks when evaluating portfolios.

Conclusion: Stay Informed and Proactive

The Held by Production clause is no longer a back-page legal detail—it’s a live issue shaping Australian property rights, rural communities, and the investment landscape in 2025. Whether you’re a landowner, investor, or industry professional, reviewing your lease terms and staying updated on legal reforms could make all the difference.