When two or more people join forces to run a business, a general partnership often feels like the logical first step. It’s straightforward, flexible, and—at least at first glance—low on paperwork. But in 2025, changes to compliance rules, tax reporting, and risk management mean business owners need to understand exactly what a general partnership involves before signing on the dotted line.
How General Partnerships Work in Australia
A general partnership is an arrangement where two or more individuals (or entities) share ownership of a business. Partners contribute to the business and share in its profits, but also in its losses and liabilities. Unlike companies, partnerships are not separate legal entities: the business and its owners are legally the same.
- Simple setup: Registration is usually with the Australian Business Register (ABR) and, if needed, the relevant state or territory regulator.
- Shared responsibility: Each partner has unlimited personal liability for the debts and actions of the partnership.
- Flexible management: Decision-making is usually based on the partnership agreement, but in its absence, the Partnership Act 1892 (NSW) and similar state laws apply.
For example, Sarah and Tom open a graphic design studio as a general partnership. Both invest capital, share profits, and are jointly responsible for any debts. If the studio can’t pay a supplier, Sarah and Tom’s personal assets could be at risk.
2025 Policy and Compliance Updates Impacting Partnerships
The business landscape has shifted in 2025 with several updates relevant to general partnerships:
- ATO digital reporting: The Australian Taxation Office now requires all partnerships to file tax returns via the new myGovID-secured portals, with real-time income and expense reporting. This makes accurate bookkeeping more important than ever.
- Anti-money laundering (AML) extensions: As of July 2025, certain service partnerships (legal, accounting, real estate) must comply with expanded AML/CTF obligations, including customer due diligence and transaction monitoring.
- Director ID requirements: While not all partners need a Director ID (as required for companies), those in partnerships managing trusts or acting as corporate partners may need to comply.
- State-based changes: NSW and Victoria have streamlined partnership registration, with digital lodgement and instant ABN/TFN allocation for new partnerships.
Staying on top of these rules is crucial. For example, a Melbourne-based partnership of architects must now verify client identities under the new AML rules—missing this could mean hefty fines.
Tax, Liability, and When a Partnership Makes Sense
General partnerships are popular with family businesses, professional services, and small-scale ventures—but they come with risks and tax quirks:
- Tax transparency: The partnership itself does not pay tax. Instead, each partner declares their share of income (or loss) on their personal tax return. In 2025, this means partnership profits could push partners into higher tax brackets, especially if profits are unevenly distributed.
- Unlimited liability: Unlike a company, there’s no legal separation between business debts and personal assets. If the partnership faces legal action or insolvency, every partner’s personal wealth is exposed.
- Flexibility: Partnerships can be dissolved or restructured relatively easily, which suits evolving small businesses.
- Regulatory simplicity: Less red tape than companies—no ASIC annual reviews or director duties (unless you’re a corporate partner).
However, partnerships aren’t for everyone. If you’re seeking to raise capital from external investors or want to shield personal assets, a company or trust may be a better fit. For sole professionals, a sole trader structure is even simpler.
Best Practices for Forming and Running a Partnership in 2025
To ensure your partnership runs smoothly and stands up to the latest rules, consider:
- Written partnership agreement: Set out profit shares, dispute resolution, and exit plans up front.
- Regular reviews: Update the agreement and compliance processes annually, especially as regulations evolve.
- Insurance: Consider professional indemnity and public liability insurance to mitigate personal risk.
- Clear financial records: Use cloud accounting software that integrates with ATO systems for seamless reporting.
- Succession planning: Think about what happens if a partner retires, passes away, or wants out.
With the right foundations, a general partnership can be a nimble, rewarding structure—so long as you’re fully aware of the risks and requirements in the modern regulatory climate.
