What Is Working Ratio? Key Business Metric Explained (2025 Guide)

When it comes to measuring business performance, most Australian entrepreneurs look at profit margins, cash flow, and debt levels. But there’s a lesser-known metric that’s quietly shaping boardroom conversations in 2025: the working ratio. This simple calculation packs a punch, revealing just how efficiently your business is converting operating income into covering day-to-day expenses.

What Is the Working Ratio?

The working ratio is a financial metric used to assess an organisation’s ability to meet its operating costs from its operating income. It’s calculated by dividing total operating expenses by total operating revenue, and is commonly used in sectors like utilities, infrastructure, and transport—but it’s gaining traction with small and medium businesses as well.

• Formula: Working Ratio = Operating Expenses / Operating Revenue
• A ratio under 1 means your income covers your operating costs—leaving room for profit, debt service, or reinvestment.
• A ratio over 1 signals your expenses are outpacing income—often a red flag for sustainability.

For example, if a logistics company in Melbourne has $800,000 in annual operating expenses and $1,000,000 in operating revenue, its working ratio is 0.8. That’s generally healthy—showing 80 cents of every dollar earned is spent on running the business, with the rest available for growth or paying down debt.

Why the Working Ratio Matters in 2025

With rising wage pressures, supply chain uncertainties, and evolving tax policies in Australia, understanding cost efficiency has never been more vital. In 2025, several trends are putting the working ratio front and centre:

• Inflation and Wage Growth: ABS data shows average weekly earnings rose by 4.2% in the year to March 2025. As staff costs climb, tracking how these increases affect your working ratio helps keep margins in check.
• Energy and Input Costs: With energy prices still volatile, especially after the 2024 renewables transition, businesses are watching operating expenses more closely. The working ratio instantly highlights the impact of any spike in bills or supplier contracts.
• Government Incentives: The 2025 Federal Budget introduced new instant asset write-off thresholds for small businesses, allowing deductions for eligible equipment. Smart operators are calculating the effect on their operating costs—and their working ratio—before making big purchases.
• Bank Lending: Lenders and investors increasingly ask for working ratio figures as part of credit assessments. A lower ratio signals stability and discipline, making it easier to secure loans or attract investment.

How to Use the Working Ratio for Better Decision Making

Knowing your working ratio isn’t just about ticking a box for your accountant. It can drive smarter, more proactive management decisions in several areas:

1. Benchmarking: Compare your ratio to industry peers—transport, hospitality, and utilities all have typical ranges. If you’re an NDIS provider, for example, a working ratio above 0.9 may signal room for operational improvement.
2. Scenario Planning: Use the ratio to model the impact of wage rises, rent reviews, or new contracts. If a 10% increase in supplier costs pushes your ratio over 1, it’s time to renegotiate or pass costs on to customers.
3. Profitability Targets: Set goals for lowering your working ratio over time. Implementing energy-saving technology or renegotiating leases could reduce operating expenses and improve your number year-on-year.
4. Cash Flow Management: A rising working ratio can be an early warning of cash flow stress. Monitoring it monthly helps you avoid nasty surprises and stay ahead of potential liquidity crunches.

Real-world example: In 2025, a regional NSW manufacturing firm saw its working ratio climb from 0.82 to 0.96 after a spike in raw materials prices. Management used this insight to negotiate supplier discounts and automate some manual processes—bringing the ratio back to a sustainable 0.85 within two quarters.

What’s a Healthy Working Ratio?

The ideal working ratio varies by industry. For most Australian SMEs, a ratio between 0.7 and 0.9 is considered healthy. Utilities and transport firms often operate in the 0.85 to 0.95 range. Anything above 1 should prompt immediate review.

As you set targets for 2025 and beyond, make the working ratio a regular part of your financial health check. It’s a powerful lens for seeing exactly where your money is going—and how efficiently your business is really running.