White Squire Strategy in Australia: 2025 Corporate Defence Guide

When hostile takeovers loom, Australian boards are turning to an old but increasingly relevant strategy: the white squire. But what is a white squire, and why is it making headlines in 2025’s bustling M&A landscape?

Understanding the White Squire: More Than a Friendly Face

The ‘white squire’ is a subtle yet potent corporate defence mechanism. Unlike a ‘white knight’—which seeks to buy out the target company outright—a white squire is an investor (often an institution or high-profile individual) who acquires a significant minority stake in the target company, but with an agreement not to pursue control. This provides the target board with enough voting support to block hostile bids while retaining operational independence.

In 2025, as global and domestic M&A activity surges, Australian boards are finding white squires an attractive alternative to more aggressive anti-takeover tactics, which can trigger regulatory scrutiny or shareholder backlash.

• Minority stake, major influence: White squires typically acquire 10–25% of shares.
• Governance agreements: They sign standstill agreements, promising not to launch their own takeover.
• Appealing to stability: For long-term investors, this role offers influence and protection without full operational responsibility.

2025 Trends: Why Australian Companies Are Embracing White Squires

Several factors are fueling renewed interest in white squires this year:

• Increased hostile activity: ASX-listed companies are seeing a spike in unsolicited bids, especially from private equity and offshore players, driven by a weak Australian dollar and undervalued assets.
• Regulatory pressure: The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) and Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) are tightening scrutiny on large-scale takeovers, making white squires a more palatable option for boards seeking stability.
• ESG considerations: Some white squires—such as super funds or ethical investors—offer not just defence, but alignment with long-term sustainability goals, which can reassure broader shareholder bases.

Recent examples include the 2025 defence of a major Australian infrastructure company, where a domestic superannuation fund stepped in as a white squire to prevent a foreign buyout, securing both board continuity and ESG-aligned growth plans.

Risks, Rewards, and Investor Perspectives

While white squires can be a board’s ally, this tactic is not without controversy or risk:

• Minority shareholder dilution: Existing shareholders may see their influence wane if a white squire is granted preferential voting rights or board seats.
• Potential for entrenchment: The presence of a white squire can shield underperforming management from legitimate takeover pressure, sometimes at the expense of shareholder value.
• Regulatory hurdles: ASIC is watching closely for white squire deals that may breach takeover or disclosure rules, especially if they involve boardroom deals outside the open market.

For investors, the rise of white squires in 2025 means a more complex M&A environment. While these arrangements can protect long-term value and align with local interests, they can also limit the upside from a genuine premium takeover offer. Transparency around the terms of any white squire deal is crucial for market confidence.

The Bottom Line: A Defensive Play for a New Era

In a year defined by heightened takeover activity and evolving corporate governance standards, the white squire is proving itself as a nuanced and flexible defence. It’s a sign that Australian companies are willing to innovate to protect both their independence and stakeholder interests, without resorting to outright sale or poison-pill tactics.

For boards, investors, and market watchers, understanding how and when to use the white squire strategy will be essential as the rules of the M&A game continue to evolve in 2025.