Uncovered Options Explained: 2025 Guide for Australian Investors

Australian investors seeking to ramp up their options trading have likely heard of uncovered options—sometimes called “naked options.” While these financial instruments offer the tantalising prospect of higher returns, they also bring significant risks that can catch even seasoned traders off guard. With regulatory changes and a shifting economic landscape in 2025, understanding uncovered options is more important than ever.

What Are Uncovered Options?

An uncovered option is an options contract where the seller (also known as the writer) does not own the underlying asset. This is in contrast to a covered option, where the writer holds the stock or asset and can deliver it if exercised. In the uncovered scenario, if the option is exercised, the writer must purchase the underlying asset at the market price—potentially at a significant loss.

There are two main types of uncovered options:

• Uncovered Call: The writer sells a call option without owning the underlying asset. If the stock price rises above the strike price, the writer must buy the asset at market value to deliver it to the buyer, risking unlimited loss.
• Uncovered Put: The writer sells a put option without having the cash to buy the asset. If the asset price falls below the strike price, the writer must buy the asset at the higher strike price, risking substantial loss.

2025 Regulatory Changes and Market Trends

The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) has tightened rules around options trading in recent years, and 2025 is no exception. Following global market volatility and a rise in retail trading activity, ASIC has implemented new requirements for brokers and traders engaging in high-risk strategies like uncovered options:

• Enhanced Suitability Checks: Brokers must conduct stricter assessments to ensure clients understand the risks and have the financial capacity to absorb large losses.
• Margin Requirements: As of January 2025, margin requirements for uncovered options have increased, with ASX Clear updating collateral thresholds to limit systemic risk.
• Risk Disclosure: All participants must sign enhanced risk acknowledgment forms, explicitly outlining the potential for unlimited loss.

These changes aim to protect less-experienced investors and maintain market stability, but they also mean fewer Australians will qualify for uncovered option trading unless they can demonstrate experience and capital adequacy.

Real-World Examples and Practical Considerations

Consider an investor, Alex, who sells an uncovered call on BHP Group (ASX: BHP) with a strike price of $50, expiring in one month. If BHP’s share price soars to $60, Alex is required to buy shares at $60 and sell them at $50 to the option holder—realising a $10 loss per share, multiplied by the contract size. If the price rises even further, losses continue to mount.

Practical considerations for uncovered option strategies in 2025 include:

• Liquidity: Popular stocks like BHP or CBA have active options markets, but thinly-traded shares can make closing positions difficult.
• Market Volatility: With ongoing global uncertainties, options premiums have risen, increasing both potential profits and risks.
• Taxation: Profits and losses from options trading are generally treated as capital gains or losses, but complex scenarios may arise—especially with rapid trading or large losses. The ATO’s latest 2025 tax guidance emphasises accurate record-keeping for all derivatives transactions.

Should You Trade Uncovered Options?

Uncovered options are not for the faint of heart. They require:

• Significant capital reserves to meet margin calls
• Deep market knowledge and risk management skills
• A willingness to accept the potential for unlimited loss

For most retail investors, covered options or other risk-managed strategies may be more suitable. However, for sophisticated traders with robust risk controls, uncovered options remain a tool for generating income or speculating on market moves—provided new regulatory requirements are met.