The Australian economy has undergone dramatic shifts over the past two decades, but one thing remains constant: the rise of the tertiary industry. Once dominated by mining and agriculture, Australia’s economic engine is now powered by services—from finance and healthcare to tourism and technology. In 2025, the tertiary sector isn’t just the largest employer; it’s the backbone of national growth, innovation, and resilience.
What Is the Tertiary Industry?
The tertiary industry, or services sector, encompasses businesses that provide intangible goods and services rather than physical products. This includes healthcare, education, finance, retail, tourism, hospitality, transport, IT, and professional services. In 2025, more than 75% of Australia’s workforce is employed in this sector, reflecting a global trend among advanced economies.
- Healthcare and Social Assistance: Australia’s largest employing industry in 2025, driven by an ageing population and digital health innovation.
- Education and Training: International education rebounded strongly after the pandemic, with universities and vocational training adapting to hybrid and online models.
- Financial and Insurance Services: Fintech, digital banking, and regulatory changes are reshaping how Australians save, borrow, and invest.
2025 Policy Updates and Sector Shifts
Recent policy moves and economic trends are accelerating the transformation of Australia’s tertiary sector:
- Migration Reforms: New skilled visa pathways introduced in late 2024 have eased shortages in healthcare, IT, and education—helping businesses fill critical roles faster.
- Digital Economy Investments: The 2025 Federal Budget earmarked $2.1 billion for digital infrastructure, cybersecurity, and AI upskilling, reflecting the government’s push to make Australia a leading digital economy by 2030.
- Healthcare Funding: Medicare expansion and incentives for private sector telehealth providers are making healthcare more accessible, especially in regional areas.
- Tourism Recovery: With international travel stabilising, targeted grants support eco-tourism and Indigenous-led tourism ventures, diversifying Australia’s service exports.
The tertiary sector’s resilience was proven during the COVID-19 pandemic, with rapid pivots to remote delivery and digital platforms. That agility is now being leveraged to boost productivity, inclusion, and regional development.
Opportunities for Australians: Workers, Businesses, and Investors
The tertiary sector’s evolution is reshaping opportunities across the board:
- For Workers: Demand for skills in healthcare, aged care, cybersecurity, education, and green services continues to outpace supply. Short courses, micro-credentials, and government-funded upskilling are making career transitions easier than ever.
- For Businesses: Service-based startups are thriving, especially those leveraging technology or offering B2B solutions. The growth of remote work has also fuelled new demand for coworking spaces, digital collaboration tools, and professional consulting.
- For Investors: Strong population growth, an international student boom, and rising demand for financial services make the tertiary sector a magnet for investment. Sectors like private healthcare, EdTech, and tourism infrastructure are attracting both local and global capital in 2025.
Real-world example: Sydney-based telehealth provider HotDoc expanded nationally in 2024 after securing a government grant, while eco-tourism operator Welcome to Country saw bookings soar thanks to new international marketing campaigns and a sustainability accreditation scheme.
The Road Ahead: Navigating Challenges and Embracing Innovation
While the tertiary sector is booming, it faces challenges: skills shortages, wage pressures, and the need for digital upskilling. The shift to a service-based economy also demands new approaches to workforce participation, regional development, and social inclusion.
However, the outlook is overwhelmingly positive. With the right policy settings, continued investment, and a culture of innovation, Australia’s tertiary industry is set to remain the nation’s growth engine—delivering jobs, prosperity, and world-class services at home and abroad.
