State-Owned Enterprises in Australia: 2025 Policy, Trends & Outlook

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have long been cornerstones of Australia’s economic and social infrastructure. From electricity and water utilities to transport and postal services, these government-owned entities underpin everyday life and major industries alike. In 2025, SOEs are facing both new opportunities and challenges amid policy reform, privatisation debates, and increased scrutiny of their efficiency and accountability.

The Current State of SOEs in Australia

SOEs in Australia cover a wide range of sectors, including energy (Snowy Hydro, Western Power), transport (Australia Post, Sydney Trains), and financial services (Export Finance Australia, Clean Energy Finance Corporation). Over the past decade, the number and scope of SOEs have shifted, reflecting changing government priorities and the broader economic context.

• Key SOEs in 2025: Australia Post, NBN Co, Snowy Hydro, Sydney Water, Western Power
• Emerging Sectors: Green energy, digital infrastructure, defence technology

While some SOEs remain wholly government-owned, others are joint ventures with private investors or are being considered for partial privatisation. The 2025 Federal Budget placed renewed emphasis on ‘strategic SOEs’—entities critical to national security and public welfare—while also hinting at further divestment in non-strategic sectors.

Policy Shifts and Privatisation Trends in 2025

Government policy towards SOEs is never static. In 2025, several developments are reshaping the sector:

• Privatisation Debates: While the 1990s and early 2000s saw a wave of privatisations (think Telstra, Qantas), the current government is taking a more cautious approach. The ongoing cost-of-living crisis and concerns about service quality have sparked public resistance to the privatisation of essential services like water and electricity.
• Investment in Green and Digital Infrastructure: The government has committed over $12 billion in the 2025–26 budget to SOEs leading renewable energy projects (e.g., Snowy Hydro 2.0) and expanding the NBN’s reach. This marks a strategic shift: instead of selling off assets, Canberra is using SOEs to drive decarbonisation and digital inclusion.
• Transparency and Accountability: The Australian National Audit Office has ramped up oversight of SOEs in response to recent scandals, such as Australia Post’s executive pay controversy. New 2025 guidelines require more frequent public reporting and tougher performance benchmarks.

For example, the Clean Energy Finance Corporation—a government-owned ‘green bank’—is now required to publish quarterly updates on investment returns and emissions reductions, in line with global best practice.

The Future of SOEs: Challenges and Opportunities

SOEs face a unique balancing act: delivering public value while remaining commercially viable. In 2025, several key challenges and opportunities are front of mind:

• Commercial Pressures: Rising inflation, global supply chain issues, and competition from private sector players are squeezing margins. Australia Post, for example, is trialling new parcel locker networks and digital identity services to stay relevant as letter volumes dwindle.
• Social Licence to Operate: As public expectations evolve, SOEs are under pressure to lead on social and environmental issues—such as closing the digital divide in rural areas or investing in sustainable infrastructure.
• Innovation: The government’s 2025 innovation agenda encourages SOEs to partner with startups, universities, and international counterparts. NBN Co’s recent pilot of 10Gbps fibre in regional towns is a case in point, aiming to future-proof Australia’s connectivity.

The future of SOEs will likely involve more nuanced models—blending public ownership with private sector discipline and greater stakeholder engagement. Australians will be watching closely to see whether these enterprises can deliver both financial returns and broader social benefits.

Conclusion

State-owned enterprises remain vital to Australia’s economy and society. As policy shifts in 2025 toward greater accountability, strategic investment, and selective privatisation, SOEs are being asked to do more than ever—drive innovation, support national priorities, and maintain public trust. Their evolution will shape Australia’s future for years to come.