Realised gain is more than just a finance buzzword — in 2025, it’s a critical concept for anyone selling shares, property, or even crypto in Australia. With the Australian Tax Office (ATO) updating its reporting requirements and the market seeing more volatility, understanding what counts as a realised gain could save you thousands at tax time.
What is a Realised Gain? (And Why It Matters in 2025)
A realised gain occurs when you sell an asset for more than you paid for it. The difference between the sale price and the original purchase price is your gain — and it becomes “realised” the moment the sale is complete. In contrast, an unrealised gain is simply a paper profit on assets you still hold. Only realised gains are taxable in Australia.
- Sell 100 BHP shares bought at $40 each, now sold at $50: $1,000 realised gain.
- Sell an investment property purchased for $600,000 for $720,000: $120,000 realised gain (before expenses).
- Convert Bitcoin bought at $30,000 to cash at $45,000: $15,000 realised gain.
Why does this matter in 2025? The ATO is rolling out new digital matching systems that capture asset sales — including shares, managed funds, crypto, and property — so under-reporting gains is riskier than ever.
Realised Gains & Capital Gains Tax: The Latest for 2025
Realised gains are subject to Capital Gains Tax (CGT) in Australia. The rules haven’t changed fundamentally, but there are new wrinkles in 2025:
- Digital asset reporting: The ATO now receives near real-time data from crypto exchanges and share registries, making it harder to overlook (intentionally or not) capital events.
- Revised CGT discount rules: Holding an asset for over 12 months still gives you a 50% discount on the gain, but the ATO is enforcing documentation requirements more strictly.
- Property: Investors flipping properties or subdividing land must report every transaction. The ATO’s property data-matching program now includes off-the-plan and fractional property sales.
For example, if you sold an ETF in March 2025 that you’d held for 18 months, only 50% of your $8,000 gain is added to your taxable income. But if you sold after just nine months, the entire $8,000 is taxed at your marginal rate.
Strategies to Manage Realised Gains (and Your Tax Bill)
Smart investors don’t just focus on growing their portfolio — they manage when and how they realise gains. Here are some practical strategies for 2025:
- Offset gains with losses: If you’ve realised a gain, consider selling underperforming assets to crystallise a loss, reducing your overall taxable capital gains.
- Time your sales: If you’re close to the 12-month mark, holding an asset a bit longer could halve your tax bill due to the CGT discount.
- Track your records: Keep digital and paper records of every asset purchase and sale — the ATO’s 2025 crackdown means missing documentation can mean missed discounts.
- Consider superannuation contributions: Making personal concessional contributions to super can help offset the extra taxable income from realised gains.
Case in point: Emma, a Sydney-based investor, sold shares in February 2025, realising a $15,000 gain. By selling a poorly performing ETF for a $4,000 loss and making an extra $5,000 super contribution, she reduced her CGT bill and boosted her retirement savings.
2025 Trends: Realised Gains in a Changing Market
Volatility and new asset classes are changing how Australians realise gains:
- Rising property prices: With the median house price in Sydney surpassing $1.5 million in early 2025, more investors are triggering large realised gains when they sell, especially if they’ve owned property for several years.
- Crypto and NFTs: The ATO’s 2025 focus on digital assets means every swap, sale, or conversion is a potential CGT event — even if you swap one token for another.
- Managed funds and ETFs: Large distributions or rebalancing events in 2025 are causing investors to realise gains they didn’t directly initiate.
The bottom line: If you’re selling assets in 2025, you need to know exactly when you’re making a realised gain and what that means for your tax and investment strategy.
