Perpetual Bonds in Australia: 2025 Guide to Risks, Returns & Policy Updates

Perpetual bonds – sometimes called “consols” – are debt instruments that have no maturity date. In other words, they pay interest to investors forever, or until the issuer chooses to redeem them. In Australia’s evolving financial landscape, perpetual bonds are back in the spotlight. But do they really offer the safety and steady income that investors crave in 2025, or do they hide outsized risks? Let’s unpack how perpetual bonds work, what’s changed recently, and what investors need to consider before taking the plunge.

What Are Perpetual Bonds and Why Are They Trending in 2025?

Unlike traditional bonds that return your principal at a set date, perpetual bonds promise a stream of interest payments with no scheduled end. These are typically issued by banks and large corporates to bolster their capital, and can sometimes be called back (redeemed) by the issuer after a set period—usually five or ten years—but there’s no guarantee.

• Perpetual income: Investors receive interest (coupon) payments indefinitely.
• Capital at risk: The original investment may never be returned unless the issuer calls the bond.
• Appeal in low-rate environments: When term deposits and government bonds offer modest yields, perpetual bonds can stand out for their higher fixed or floating rates.

In 2025, several factors are fuelling renewed interest in perpetual bonds:

• APRA’s updated capital requirements have prompted major banks to issue more hybrid and perpetual securities.
• Rising demand for income among retirees and SMSFs, especially as volatility in equity markets persists.
• Global hunt for yield as many developed markets remain in a low-to-moderate interest rate cycle.

2025 Policy Changes & Market Trends Shaping Perpetual Bonds

The regulatory landscape for perpetual bonds in Australia has shifted in recent years, particularly after the global banking sector stress in 2023–2024. APRA (the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority) has reinforced the rules around bank capital, making perpetual and hybrid instruments a key tool for meeting new requirements.

• Bank hybrids and Basel III: Under Basel III and APRA’s local adaptation, perpetual bonds can count towards Tier 1 capital—helping banks strengthen their balance sheets.
• Call risk and coupon suspension: APRA has clarified that banks are not obliged to call perpetual securities at the first call date, nor to pay coupons if their capital ratios fall below mandated thresholds.
• Tax changes: The ATO’s 2025 clarification on the tax treatment of hybrid and perpetual bond income means most investors will continue to be taxed at marginal rates, but franking credits may apply to certain issues.

Example: In March 2025, a major Australian bank issued a $1.5 billion perpetual bond with a 6.25% floating rate coupon. The bond is callable after seven years, but the bank has no obligation to do so, and coupon payments could be suspended in extreme scenarios. Investors are attracted by the yield, but must weigh the risk of indefinite capital lock-in and potential income disruption.

Risks, Rewards, and Who Should Consider Perpetual Bonds?

While the promise of perpetual income is tempting, these securities carry a unique set of risks—especially in a world where interest rates and regulatory regimes are constantly evolving.

• Interest rate risk: If interest rates rise, the market value of perpetual bonds can fall sharply, and there’s no maturity date to guarantee principal return.
• Credit risk: If the issuer’s financial position deteriorates, coupon payments may be deferred or missed, and capital could be at risk.
• Liquidity risk: Perpetual bonds are less liquid than traditional bonds, with prices often moving more on sentiment than fundamentals.
• Call risk: If interest rates fall, issuers may call the bonds and refinance at lower rates, capping your long-term income.

Perpetual bonds may suit investors who:

• Are seeking higher income than term deposits or government bonds.
• Understand the risks and are comfortable with potentially indefinite capital commitment.
• Prefer exposure to major banks or blue-chip corporates.
• Are looking to diversify a broader fixed income portfolio.

However, they’re not a fit for those needing certainty around capital return, or for anyone uncomfortable with the prospect of missed payments in a crisis.

Conclusion: Should You Buy Perpetual Bonds in 2025?

Perpetual bonds have a unique place in Australia’s fixed income landscape. With regulatory changes and market volatility in 2025, they offer both an opportunity and a challenge for yield-hungry investors. Assess your risk appetite, read the fine print on call features and coupon suspension, and ensure you understand exactly what you’re signing up for. In the end, perpetual bonds may deliver steady income—but only for those willing to embrace the uncertainty that comes with the territory.