When you open up a company’s financial statements, the cash flow statement is where the rubber hits the road. At its heart are operating activities — the day-to-day transactions that keep a business alive and kicking. But what exactly counts as an operating activity, and why should Australian businesses pay close attention in 2025?
What Are Operating Activities?
Operating activities represent the core business functions that generate most of a company’s cash inflows and outflows. Think of these as the routine transactions: selling products, paying suppliers, collecting customer payments, and covering wages. They’re the lifeblood of an enterprise, revealing whether a business can sustain itself without relying on external financing or asset sales.
- Cash Inflows: Receipts from customers, interest income, and dividends received.
- Cash Outflows: Payments to suppliers, employee salaries, tax payments, and other operational expenses.
For example, a Melbourne café’s operating activities include daily coffee sales, payments to local dairy suppliers, staff wages, and utility bills. If these activities consistently generate positive cash flow, the café is on solid ground.
Why Operating Activities Matter More in 2025
Several policy and economic shifts in 2025 are making operating cash flow a hotter topic than ever for Australian businesses:
- ATO’s Real-Time Data Scrutiny: The Australian Taxation Office continues to ramp up real-time monitoring of business transactions. Accurate, transparent recording of operating activities is now non-negotiable for compliance.
- Interest Rate Sensitivity: With the RBA maintaining a cautious stance on rates, access to affordable credit is tightening. Strong operating cash flow means less dependence on external finance.
- ESG and Sustainability Reporting: Investors are increasingly scrutinising how companies generate cash, not just how much. Businesses with healthy, sustainable operating activities are more attractive to lenders and investors alike.
Take for instance the 2025 update to the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB 107), which has sharpened disclosure requirements around operating cash flows. Businesses must now provide more detailed breakdowns of cash received and paid, making it easier for stakeholders to spot red flags or strong fundamentals.
Reading and Leveraging the Cash Flow Statement
Understanding your cash from operating activities isn’t just an exercise in compliance — it’s a strategic advantage. Here’s how to break it down:
- Direct vs. Indirect Method: Most Aussie businesses use the indirect method, starting with net profit and adjusting for non-cash items (like depreciation) and changes in working capital. The direct method, while less common, lists cash receipts and payments directly.
- Spotting Trends: A business that’s profitable on paper but consistently posts negative operating cash flow may be in trouble. Conversely, robust operating cash flow signals resilience — especially during economic slowdowns.
- Real-World Example: In 2025, several ASX-listed retailers saw profits squeezed by higher inventory costs, but those with disciplined operating activities maintained positive cash flow by tightening receivables and renegotiating supplier terms.
To leverage this insight:
- Monitor your operating cash flow monthly, not just at year-end.
- Identify lags in customer payments or spikes in supplier costs early.
- Use cash flow data to inform decisions about hiring, investment, or expansion.
Key Takeaways for Australian Businesses
In 2025, operating activities are more than just an accounting line item — they’re a measure of your business’s heartbeat. Staying on top of these cash flows helps you:
- Meet ATO and AASB compliance requirements with confidence
- Attract investors and lenders who prioritise operational health
- Make faster, more informed decisions in a competitive landscape
