As Australia’s oil fields mature and global energy demand evolves, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) has emerged as the secret weapon in the nation’s energy arsenal. With fossil fuel reserves under pressure and a growing push for cleaner, more efficient extraction, EOR is at the crossroads of technology, policy, and sustainability. Here’s how this powerful technique is making waves across the Australian energy sector in 2025.

What Is Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)?

EOR refers to a suite of advanced methods designed to coax more oil out of aging reservoirs—well beyond what traditional drilling and primary recovery can manage. Instead of leaving up to two-thirds of oil trapped underground, EOR techniques unlock previously inaccessible reserves, often boosting extraction rates by 30-60%.

Thermal EOR: Injects steam to heat and thin heavy oil, making it easier to pump out. It’s especially popular in fields with viscous crude, such as those in Western Australia.
Chemical EOR: Uses polymers, surfactants, or alkaline solutions to reduce surface tension and mobilise oil.
Gas Injection EOR: Involves pumping gases like CO₂ or nitrogen into the reservoir to maintain pressure and sweep oil toward the production well.

In Australia, EOR is not just a technical upgrade; it’s a game-changer for extending the life of mature fields, improving yields, and aligning extraction with modern environmental standards.

2025 Policy Shifts and Incentives

This year, government policy is accelerating EOR adoption across Australia. Here’s what’s new:

Federal Tax Incentives: The 2025-26 Federal Budget introduced targeted tax offsets for oil companies investing in EOR, covering up to 15% of qualifying capital expenditure on approved projects. The aim: boost domestic supply and reduce reliance on imports.
Emissions Trading and Carbon Capture: With Australia’s Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) tightening its criteria, EOR projects that incorporate carbon capture and storage (CCS) are now eligible for premium carbon credits. The Gorgon project off the coast of WA, for example, is blending CO₂ sequestration with gas injection EOR—earning both higher yields and emissions offsets.
State-Level Fast-Tracking: Queensland and Western Australia have introduced expedited permitting for EOR pilots, particularly those using low-carbon methods or integrating renewables (like solar-powered steam generation for thermal EOR).

These policy nudges are not just about boosting output—they’re about reimagining oil extraction in a carbon-constrained world.

Technology Innovations and Real-World Examples

Innovation is surging in the EOR space, with several Australian projects leading the pack in 2025:

Digital Oilfields: Operators are leveraging AI-driven reservoir modelling and real-time data analytics to fine-tune EOR injections, maximising recovery while minimising waste and water usage. Santos’ Cooper Basin operations, for example, have reported a 12% increase in recovery efficiency since deploying machine learning models for steam injection optimisation.
Renewable-Powered EOR: Chevron’s Wheatstone facility is piloting solar-heated steam for thermal EOR, reducing operational emissions by an estimated 25,000 tonnes CO₂e per year.
Low-Impact Chemicals: CSIRO-backed startups are rolling out biodegradable surfactants for chemical EOR, addressing concerns about groundwater contamination and long-term ecological risks.

These innovations are setting new benchmarks for efficiency and sustainability, while also attracting fresh investment and talent to the sector.

The Sustainability Equation: Risks and Rewards

EOR is not without controversy. Critics point to the risk of induced seismicity, potential groundwater impacts, and the extension of fossil fuel lifespans at odds with net zero ambitions. However, proponents argue that EOR, when coupled with CCS and renewable integration, can support a smoother energy transition by:

Reducing the carbon footprint per barrel of oil produced
Providing a commercial pathway for large-scale CO₂ storage
Enabling a phased shift from hydrocarbons to renewables, supporting regional jobs and energy security

In 2025, the balance is tipping in favour of EOR projects that prioritise environmental safeguards and measurable emissions reductions. The Gorgon and Cooper Basin pilots are often cited as blueprints for “responsible EOR” in a decarbonising economy.

Conclusion

Enhanced Oil Recovery is rewriting the rules of Australia’s energy sector—unlocking new reserves, attracting government support, and sparking a new wave of technological innovation. As policies, markets, and environmental expectations continue to evolve, EOR is poised to play a pivotal role in the nation’s energy future.