Law of Demand in Australia: 2025 Trends, Examples & Insights

The law of demand is an economic principle that quietly influences nearly every financial decision Australians make, from buying milk to investing in property. In 2025, with inflation, interest rates, and consumer confidence all in flux, understanding this law is more important than ever—whether you’re a student, a small business owner, or just trying to get more value for your money.

What Is the Law of Demand?

At its core, the law of demand states that—holding all else equal—when the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded decreases, and vice versa. This simple relationship forms the backbone of economic theory and underpins why prices move the way they do in supermarkets, share markets, and property auctions across Australia.

• Example: If the price of a flat white jumps from $4 to $7, many coffee lovers will cut back or switch to alternatives, reducing the number sold.

• 2025 twist: With the cost of living rising, Aussies are more price-sensitive than ever. Retailers are reporting that even small price hikes can lead to noticeable drops in sales volumes.

Why the Law of Demand Matters Right Now

In 2025, several economic forces are putting the law of demand into the spotlight:

• Persistent inflation: Despite some easing, the ABS reports inflation is hovering around 3.5%. Everyday essentials like groceries and fuel are still pricey, making consumers rethink their purchases.

• Interest rate impacts: After a string of RBA rate hikes, mortgage repayments have climbed. Higher loan costs mean less disposable income, so demand is dropping for non-essential goods and services.

• Wage growth lag: While wages are rising, they’re not always keeping pace with inflation. Australians are increasingly hunting for bargains, switching brands, or buying in bulk to stretch their dollars.

Put simply, as prices rise—whether due to supply chain issues, taxes, or global shocks—demand tends to fall. Businesses that ignore this relationship risk losing customers, while savvy companies find ways to keep prices sharp or add value to hold onto demand.

Real-World Australian Examples in 2025

The law of demand isn’t just theory; it’s playing out in real time across the country:

• Supermarket choices: Coles and Woolworths have both noted a surge in private label sales as branded grocery prices rise. Shoppers are trading down to cheaper options, a classic demand response.

• Housing market slowdown: After years of growth, property prices in Sydney and Melbourne have stabilised. Higher interest rates mean fewer buyers can afford to borrow, reducing demand and cooling prices.

• EV adoption: As the federal government’s 2025 EV rebate lifts demand, carmakers are struggling to keep up—yet when prices rise due to global supply issues, some buyers delay or opt for hybrids instead.

Exceptions and Policy Considerations

While the law of demand is powerful, it’s not absolute. Some products—like life-saving medicines or addictive goods (think cigarettes)—can see steady demand even as prices climb. Economists call these “inelastic” goods.

On the policy front, governments often rely on the law of demand to shape behaviour. The 2025 update to Australia’s tobacco excise, for instance, is designed to curb smoking by making it more expensive. Conversely, subsidies (like those on solar panels) aim to boost demand by lowering upfront costs.

Why It Pays to Understand Demand

For Australian consumers, knowing how demand responds to price changes can help you make smarter choices and spot a good deal. For business owners, it’s vital for pricing strategy and forecasting. And for investors, demand trends can signal which sectors are set to grow—or slow—next.