LIFO in Australia 2025: Last In, First Out Explained for Businesses

For Australian business owners and finance professionals, inventory accounting isn’t just about number crunching—it can shape everything from tax bills to competitive edge. The Last In, First Out (LIFO) method, while a staple in the global accounting toolkit, faces unique considerations down under. As international standards shift and the ATO tightens compliance in 2025, is LIFO still a viable strategy for Aussie businesses?

Understanding LIFO: The Basics and Why It Matters

LIFO stands for Last In, First Out. It’s an inventory valuation method where the most recently acquired items are recorded as sold first. In periods of inflation, LIFO can lower reported profits and, consequently, reduce taxable income. Globally, this method is popular in industries where costs fluctuate rapidly—think fuel, metals, or electronics.

• Example: If a Sydney electronics wholesaler buys 100 tablets at $500 each, then another 100 at $600, under LIFO, sales are priced from the $600 batch first. This can boost cost of goods sold (COGS) and lower reported profits.

• Contrast: The alternative, First In, First Out (FIFO), assumes the oldest stock is sold first, potentially yielding higher profits (and higher taxes) in inflationary times.

LIFO and Australian Regulation: Where Do We Stand in 2025?

Here’s the catch: while LIFO is legal and widely used in the United States, Australian accounting standards (aligned with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS) do not permit LIFO for statutory reporting. The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) and the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) require businesses to use FIFO or weighted average cost for inventory valuation in official accounts.

In 2025, this remains unchanged. However, multinational companies operating in Australia and the US must juggle dual reporting requirements, which can add complexity and compliance costs.

• Policy Watch: The ATO has increased scrutiny on cross-border inventory accounting practices in 2025, targeting transfer pricing and profit-shifting. Businesses using LIFO for internal or US reporting should ensure clear reconciliation with Australian financial statements.

• Global Trends: The ongoing push for global accounting harmonisation means LIFO’s days could be numbered even in the US, though no immediate repeal has been announced as of 2025.

Should Australian Businesses Care About LIFO?

Even if not allowed for statutory reporting, understanding LIFO is still relevant for several reasons:

• Internal Management: Some companies use LIFO internally to model cost and profit scenarios, especially where replacement costs spike.

• US-Australia Subsidiaries: Businesses with US operations often prepare LIFO-compliant reports for American tax purposes and must reconcile these with Australian-compliant statements.

• Investor Relations: Investors comparing global companies need to be aware of LIFO’s impact on reported profits, inventory values, and key ratios.

Suppose a Melbourne-based mining firm with US subsidiaries uses LIFO for its American operations and FIFO for its Australian books. In times of rising commodity prices, the US arm shows lower profits and tax, while the Australian entity appears more profitable—potentially influencing internal capital allocation or investor perception.

What’s Next? LIFO, Technology, and the Future of Inventory Accounting

As inventory management software becomes more sophisticated in 2025, businesses can quickly model the financial impact of different accounting methods—even if LIFO isn’t allowed in local reporting. This helps finance teams plan for volatility in supply chains or input prices.

Meanwhile, with global supply chains still facing shocks, Australian companies are focused on transparency and compliance. The trend is toward harmonised, globally comparable accounts—which means LIFO is likely to remain an internal or cross-border consideration, not a statutory reporting choice.

Conclusion

LIFO might not be on the menu for official Australian accounts, but its principles continue to influence business decisions, especially for those with international footprints. In 2025, the key is understanding how global shifts and local regulations shape your reporting obligations, tax outcomes, and strategic choices.