Input-Output Analysis in Australia: 2025 Trends & Business Impact

In a business landscape defined by constant change, Australian companies are searching for sharper tools to anticipate market shifts, control costs, and boost productivity. Enter input-output analysis—a robust, data-driven approach that’s gaining fresh traction in 2025 for its ability to map economic relationships and streamline financial decision-making. Whether you’re running a manufacturing enterprise, advising on policy, or managing a complex supply chain, understanding input-output analysis could be your edge in a competitive economy.

What is Input-Output Analysis?

Input-output analysis is a quantitative economic technique that tracks the flow of goods and services between industries within an economy. By mapping how the output of one sector becomes the input of another, this method provides a detailed snapshot of inter-industry relationships. First developed by Nobel laureate Wassily Leontief, input-output tables are now fundamental to economic planning, resource allocation, and impact forecasting in Australia and globally.

In practice, this means businesses and policymakers can:

• Identify which industries have the largest multiplier effects on jobs and growth

• Assess how shocks (like supply chain disruptions or policy changes) ripple through the economy

• Plan investments, anticipate bottlenecks, and evaluate new projects with confidence

Australian government agencies, such as the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), regularly publish input-output tables, which are now updated with more granular data and digital tools in 2025. This makes the analysis more accessible and actionable for both corporates and SMEs.

2025 Policy Updates and Australian Case Studies

This year, input-output analysis is front and centre as Australia implements new policy initiatives targeting economic resilience and sustainable growth. The 2025 Federal Budget emphasised the importance of diversifying supply chains and boosting domestic manufacturing, with input-output tables being used to:

• Pinpoint sectors most vulnerable to global supply chain risks (e.g., semiconductors, pharmaceuticals)

• Model the economic impact of the new Green Manufacturing Incentive Scheme

• Forecast job creation from renewable energy investments in states like Queensland and Victoria

For example, when the government considered expanding local battery production, input-output analysis allowed policymakers to estimate not just direct factory jobs, but also the indirect employment created in mining, logistics, and even retail. This holistic view led to more targeted subsidies and streamlined regulation, amplifying the economic benefit across regions.

Business Applications: From Strategic Planning to ESG Reporting

Australian businesses are integrating input-output analysis into their financial toolkits for a variety of strategic purposes:

• Investment Appraisal: Major projects—such as infrastructure upgrades or new mining operations—use input-output models to forecast total economic impact, helping justify funding and attract investors.

• Supply Chain Optimisation: Firms can map vulnerabilities and identify suppliers critical to their operations, reducing risk from global disruptions.

• ESG and Sustainability Reporting: With growing pressure from investors and regulators, companies use input-output analysis to track the environmental footprint of their entire value chain, not just direct operations.

Retailers, for instance, are now leveraging these models to demonstrate how their sourcing choices affect emissions across manufacturing, transportation, and even packaging. This data-driven approach is crucial as Australia prepares for enhanced climate disclosure rules in 2025.

Getting Started with Input-Output Analysis

While input-output tables might look daunting at first, digital tools and consultancy services have made them more user-friendly than ever. The ABS now offers interactive dashboards and API access for custom analysis. For businesses considering their first foray into input-output modelling, here are a few tips:

• Start with a clear question: Are you analysing risk, evaluating a project, or measuring sustainability?

• Leverage existing datasets: ABS and state agencies provide detailed, industry-specific tables updated for 2025.

• Consult with sector specialists: Many accounting and economic advisory firms offer tailored input-output analysis, especially for larger or cross-border projects.

By embracing these models, companies can not only sharpen their financial planning but also align with the latest regulatory and investor expectations.