Horizontal Analysis in 2025: Unpacking Financial Trends for Australians

Financial statements aren’t just a record of what happened last year—they’re a roadmap for understanding where a business is heading. In 2025, with rapid economic shifts and new accounting standards on the horizon, horizontal analysis is more valuable than ever for Australians looking to make sense of the numbers. Whether you’re a small business owner, an investor, or simply curious about how companies stack up over time, learning to use horizontal analysis can help you spot emerging trends, flag risks early, and make smarter decisions.

What Is Horizontal Analysis?

Horizontal analysis is a method of evaluating financial statements by comparing data across multiple periods. Instead of looking at just one year in isolation, this approach puts figures side by side—often across two or more years—so you can quickly see growth, decline, or stability in revenue, expenses, profit, and more. The process typically involves calculating the percentage or absolute change for each line item over time.

• Example: If a company’s revenue was $1.5 million in 2023 and $1.8 million in 2024, horizontal analysis would show a $300,000 (20%) increase year-on-year.

• It’s commonly applied to income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements.

This method gives context to raw figures, helping you answer questions like: Are operating expenses rising faster than sales? Has debt ballooned over the past three years? Is cash flow keeping pace with profit?

Why Horizontal Analysis Matters in 2025

Australia’s economic landscape in 2025 is marked by higher interest rates, ongoing supply chain adjustments, and updated AASB (Australian Accounting Standards Board) reporting requirements. For businesses and investors, these changes can complicate year-on-year comparisons if you’re not looking at the full picture.

• Regulatory Updates: The AASB’s 2025 standards include stricter disclosure around lease liabilities and revenue recognition, making it even more crucial to track how these items change over time.

• Inflation Impact: With inflation still influencing input costs, horizontal analysis helps isolate which expense categories are being hit hardest, giving companies a clearer idea of where to tighten controls.

• Post-Pandemic Baselines: Many industries are still finding their new normal after COVID-19 disruptions. Comparing financials from 2022–2025 can reveal which businesses have bounced back—and which are still lagging.

Investors, lenders, and business owners all benefit from this approach. For example, a lender evaluating a solar installation company’s loan application might use horizontal analysis to check if revenue growth matches the company’s rising debt load, especially in light of 2025’s green energy incentives.

How to Perform a Horizontal Analysis: A Practical Guide

You don’t need to be a CFO to get started with horizontal analysis. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

• Gather Financial Statements: Obtain at least two years’ worth of comparable statements (e.g., 2023 and 2024 income statements).

• Align Line Items: Ensure each item (sales, COGS, admin expenses, etc.) is consistent across periods. If reporting standards changed in 2025, note any reclassifications.

• Calculate Change: For each line item, subtract the prior year’s figure from the current year’s. Then, divide by the prior year’s figure to get the percentage change.

• Spot Outliers: Highlight items with unusually large increases or decreases—these warrant closer investigation.

Example Table:

| **Line Item** |**2023** |**2024** |**Change ($)** |**Change (%)** | |



| Revenue |$1,500,000 |$1,800,000 |$300,000 |20% | |

| COGS |$900,000 |$1,050,000 |$150,000 |16.7% | |

| Net Profit |$200,000 |$250,000 |$50,000 |25% | |

This format makes it simple to identify where growth (or problems) are occurring. In the above example, net profit is rising faster than revenue—a positive sign.

Real-World Applications: Australian Case Studies

Let’s look at how horizontal analysis is being put to work in 2025:

• Retailers: Major Australian retailers are using horizontal analysis to benchmark post-pandemic recovery and adjust inventory strategies as consumer demand patterns shift.

• Startups: Tech startups leverage this method to demonstrate steady user growth and revenue expansion to attract VC funding, especially in a cautious investment climate.

• SMEs and Grants: With government grants tied to proven growth or job creation (such as the 2025 Digital Capabilities Boost), businesses can use horizontal analysis data to strengthen their applications.

One Brisbane-based solar installer used three years of horizontal analysis to show a 35% cumulative revenue increase and stable operating margins, helping secure a $250,000 equipment loan as lenders grew more risk-averse in 2025.

Conclusion

Horizontal analysis is more than just an accounting exercise—it’s a window into a business’s trajectory and resilience. In Australia’s dynamic 2025 economy, it’s a must-have skill for anyone wanting to cut through the noise, track progress, and make confident, data-driven decisions. Whether you’re sizing up an investment or managing your own business, let horizontal analysis be your financial compass.