Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP): Lessons for Australian Homeowners

Mortgage stress is back in the headlines as Australians feel the squeeze from rising interest rates and soaring living costs. In the US, the Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP) once helped millions keep their homes and reset their financial futures. While HARP itself doesn’t exist in Australia, understanding its impact—and how it worked—can help local borrowers make smarter refinancing decisions in 2025.

What Was HARP and Why Does It Matter for Australians?

Launched in 2009 during the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, HARP allowed US homeowners whose mortgages exceeded their property’s value (known as being “underwater”) to refinance at lower rates. By the time it ended in 2018, over 3.5 million Americans had used HARP to reset their home loans, easing household debt burdens and stabilising the broader economy.

Australia hasn’t faced a housing crash of the same magnitude, but mortgage stress is rising. According to the latest ABS data (2025), over 1 in 4 mortgaged households are spending more than 30% of their income on repayments—a classic warning sign. With APRA’s serviceability buffer still in place and fixed-rate “cliff” borrowers rolling onto higher variable rates, many Australians are looking for relief.

Key Features of HARP: Could They Work Here?

• No minimum credit score requirement: HARP was open to borrowers who were up-to-date with repayments, even if their credit had taken a hit.

• No maximum loan-to-value ratio (LVR): Homeowners could refinance even if they owed more than their property was worth—a rarity in standard lending.

• Streamlined process: Lenders were incentivised to fast-track applications, and in many cases, new property valuations or mortgage insurance weren’t needed.

While the specifics of the Australian lending market differ, these principles could inspire policy tweaks or new products:

• Allowing underwater borrowers to refinance without extra equity or insurance costs

• Temporarily relaxing serviceability buffers for at-risk but performing loans

• Offering streamlined switching for borrowers on high legacy rates

Refinancing in Australia: 2025 Trends and Challenges

Australian lenders have tightened criteria post-pandemic, but competition for quality borrowers remains fierce. In 2025, several major banks have introduced cashback offers and green refinancing discounts to attract refinancers, while fintechs are offering digital fast-tracks for eligible customers. However, for those with high LVRs or patchy credit, options remain limited.

What’s changing in 2025?

• APRA has maintained its 3% serviceability buffer, though some non-bank lenders are lobbying for targeted relief for stressed borrowers.

• First home buyers who purchased with low deposits (especially through government guarantee schemes) are now among the most exposed to rate rises.

• Property values are stabilising in Sydney and Melbourne, but some regional and outer suburban markets are still seeing declines, putting more borrowers at risk of negative equity.

While there’s no direct HARP-style program in Australia, the government has signalled it’s monitoring mortgage stress and is open to targeted interventions if the situation worsens.

Real-World Example: When Refinancing Relief Matters

Take the case of Sarah, a teacher from western Sydney who bought her first home in 2021 with a 5% deposit and a fixed-rate loan. In early 2025, her fixed rate expired, and her repayments jumped by $650 per month. With property values down in her suburb, she now owes slightly more than her home is worth. Under current rules, her options to refinance are limited—unless a lender is willing to waive the usual equity and buffer requirements.

In the US, Sarah would likely have qualified for HARP. In Australia, she must negotiate with her bank, look for hardship options, or hope for new government relief measures.

What Borrowers Can Do Now

• Check your home’s current value and your loan’s LVR to understand your refinancing position

• Compare cashback and discounted refinance offers from major banks and challenger lenders

• Speak with your lender early if you’re struggling with repayments—many are open to temporary solutions or product switches

• Stay informed about policy changes: both APRA and Treasury are reviewing mortgage stress data throughout 2025

Conclusion: HARP’s Lessons for Australia’s Mortgage Market

Australia’s housing market may not be in crisis, but as the fixed-rate cliff looms and household budgets tighten, the principles behind HARP—flexibility, inclusivity, and rapid relief—are more relevant than ever. Policymakers and lenders have the chance to adapt these lessons to local conditions, helping more Australians keep their homes and financial stability intact.