Floating Charge: 2025 Guide for Australian Business Finance

In a landscape where access to capital can make or break a business, understanding the mechanics of secured lending is crucial. One concept that continues to shape the way Australian businesses borrow is the floating charge. With recent regulatory tweaks in 2025, this flexible form of security is once again in the spotlight for both borrowers and lenders. So, what exactly is a floating charge, and how does it fit into the evolving world of Australian finance?

What Is a Floating Charge?

A floating charge is a security interest taken by a lender over a pool of changing assets—think stock, receivables, or inventory—rather than a fixed asset like real estate or equipment. Unlike a fixed charge, which locks in on a specific item, a floating charge ‘floats’ over a shifting collection of assets until a trigger event (like loan default or company insolvency) causes it to ‘crystallise,’ converting it into a fixed charge over those assets at that point in time.

For example, an Australian retailer securing a loan might offer a floating charge over all its inventory. The lender is protected, but the retailer can still buy, sell, and replenish stock in the ordinary course of business.

• Flexibility: Borrowers can trade assets covered by the floating charge.

• Security: Lenders have recourse if the business defaults.

• Crystallisation: Occurs on insolvency or other agreed events, converting the floating charge to a fixed one.

Why Floating Charges Matter in 2025

Floating charges have been a staple in Australian business lending for decades, but recent changes in 2025 are shaking things up. The Personal Property Securities Act (PPSA) continues to provide the framework for registering and enforcing floating charges, but new amendments this year introduce tighter rules around priority and enforcement.

Key 2025 policy developments include:

• Priority Clarifications: The Australian government has clarified the order of priority between floating charge holders and employees’ entitlements in insolvency scenarios, with employee claims now taking clear precedence over floating charges for certain asset classes.

• Stricter Registration Deadlines: The PPS Register now requires more prompt notification for floating charges, reducing the window for late registration and potential disputes.

• Enhanced Transparency: New disclosure rules mean that borrowers must provide lenders with more regular updates on the status of floating charge assets, aiming to reduce disputes at crystallisation.

For lenders, these updates mean a closer eye on compliance and asset monitoring. For borrowers, it’s more important than ever to understand how a floating charge could affect their ability to access or restructure working capital.

Real-World Examples: Floating Charges in Action

Case 1: Manufacturing Business Expansion

A Sydney-based manufacturer seeking a $2 million working capital loan in 2025 negotiated a floating charge over its raw materials and finished goods. This allowed the business to maintain operations and manage cash flow, while the lender gained a degree of security without interfering in day-to-day trading. Case 2: Retailer Insolvency

A major retail chain entered voluntary administration earlier this year, triggering crystallisation of the lender’s floating charge over stock. Thanks to the 2025 policy update, employees’ outstanding wages and entitlements were paid from inventory sales before the lender could recover its funds—a significant shift in the order of claims compared to previous years. Case 3: Tech Startup Restructuring

A Brisbane-based SaaS company used a floating charge to secure a line of credit. When the business pivoted and sold off some non-core assets, the floating charge structure meant the company could move quickly without seeking lender approval for each transaction, keeping operations nimble.

Pros and Cons of Floating Charges

Pros:

  - Flexibility for growing or inventory-heavy businesses

  - Secures lender interests without hampering business activity

  - Can cover a broad asset base, supporting larger loan amounts

Cons:

  - Potentially lower priority in insolvency compared to fixed charges or employee claims

  - Complexity in monitoring and valuing covered assets

  - Recent 2025 reforms mean stricter compliance and registration obligations

What Should Australian Businesses and Lenders Watch For?

With the 2025 regulatory changes, both sides of the lending equation need to pay attention:

• Borrowers: Understand exactly which assets are covered, how a floating charge could affect your flexibility, and what your obligations are under new disclosure rules.

• Lenders: Stay on top of PPSR registration deadlines and be prepared for employee entitlements to take precedence in insolvency scenarios.

Given the fast-moving regulatory environment, floating charges remain a powerful—but increasingly nuanced—tool in Australian business finance.