Euro Medium Term Notes (EMTN): 2025 Guide for Australian Investors

As global debt markets evolve, Euro Medium Term Notes (EMTN) are gaining traction with Australian corporates, banks, and sophisticated investors. But what are EMTNs, and why are they making headlines in 2025?

What Are Euro Medium Term Notes (EMTN)?

EMTNs are flexible, medium-term debt instruments issued on the international capital markets, usually denominated in euros or other major currencies. Unlike traditional bonds, EMTNs are issued under a programme that allows multiple tranches to be launched quickly, with varying maturities, currencies, and structures. This flexibility appeals to both issuers and investors seeking diversification and customisation.

• Tenor: Typically 1-10 years, offering a middle ground between short-term commercial paper and long-term bonds.

• Currency: Can be issued in AUD, USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, and more, depending on investor appetite.

• Structure: Fixed, floating, or even structured notes with embedded derivatives for tailored risk-return profiles.

In 2025, EMTN issuance has surged globally as companies seek alternatives to traditional syndicated loans and local bond markets, which are facing tighter regulatory scrutiny and higher costs due to lingering inflation and evolving Basel IV requirements.

Why Are Australian Corporates Turning to EMTNs?

Australian corporates and banks have historically relied on domestic bond issuance and syndicated loans. However, several 2025 trends are pushing them toward EMTNs:

• Global Investor Reach: EMTNs tap into deep pools of European, Asian, and Middle Eastern capital, often at more attractive rates than the local market can offer.

• Regulatory Diversification: The Reserve Bank of Australia’s 2024–25 macroprudential tightening has made domestic borrowing costlier for some sectors, especially real estate and infrastructure. EMTNs offer a workaround, accessing offshore demand without the same capital weighting.

• Green and Sustainable Finance: In 2025, over 40% of Australian EMTN issuance has a green, social, or sustainability-linked label, with European investors keen on ESG-compliant assets. Recent examples include Westpac’s €1.25bn green EMTN and Transurban’s AUD/EUR dual-currency sustainability-linked notes.

For example, in early 2025, Origin Energy launched a €750 million EMTN to fund renewable projects, taking advantage of strong demand from European ESG funds and achieving a coupon 30 basis points tighter than comparable AUD bonds.

How Do EMTNs Affect Australian Investors and Policy?

EMTNs are not just for issuers—Australian institutional investors, super funds, and even some high-net-worth individuals are increasing allocations to EMTNs for diversification and yield pickup.

• Yield Opportunities: EMTNs often offer higher yields than similar-rated domestic bonds due to currency and liquidity premiums.

• Currency Diversification: Investors can access global credit exposure in multiple currencies, using EMTNs as a hedge against AUD volatility.

• Liquidity: EMTNs are typically listed on major exchanges (e.g., Luxembourg, Euronext), ensuring secondary market trading—though liquidity may vary by tranche and issuer.

On the policy side, Treasury’s 2025 review of Australia’s offshore borrowing rules has signalled an openness to further streamlining EMTN issuance for local companies. The ATO has also clarified withholding tax exemptions for certain green EMTNs, making them even more attractive to both issuers and investors.

Key Risks and Considerations

Despite their advantages, EMTNs come with unique risks:

• Currency Risk: Unless hedged, AUD issuers and investors face FX volatility.

• Documentation Complexity: EMTN programmes require ongoing legal and compliance oversight—issuers need to keep base prospectuses updated with 2025 regulatory changes, such as the EU’s new ESG disclosure rules.

• Market Access: Not all Australian corporates can tap the EMTN market; investment grade ratings and robust ESG credentials are often prerequisites, especially for green or sustainability-linked issuance.

Australian investors should also scrutinise the fine print—call options, step-up coupons, and subordination features can all impact risk and return.

Outlook: The EMTN Market in 2025 and Beyond

With rising global interest in sustainable finance and the Reserve Bank’s cautious stance on domestic liquidity, EMTNs are likely to remain a key tool for Australian corporates seeking funding flexibility. Investors, meanwhile, can expect more choice and innovation as issuers experiment with dual-currency, digital, and ESG-linked EMTN tranches.

For both sides, staying abreast of policy shifts—such as the EU’s evolving green taxonomy and Australia’s own sustainable finance reforms—will be crucial for maximising the benefits of EMTNs in the years ahead.