Restrictive Covenant Guide Australia 2025: What Buyers, Sellers & Developers Must Know

In the world of Australian property, a single clause can shape the fate of a block of land for generations. That’s the power of a restrictive covenant—a legal condition attached to land titles that can limit how you use, develop, or even renovate your property. With property markets evolving and state governments tweaking planning laws in 2025, understanding restrictive covenants is more important than ever for homeowners, buyers, and investors.

What Exactly Is a Restrictive Covenant?

A restrictive covenant is a legal obligation registered on a property title that restricts the way land can be used. Unlike easements, which usually grant rights (like access), restrictive covenants impose limitations. For example, a covenant might prevent building above a certain height, require homes to be constructed of brick, or prohibit subdividing the land. These covenants are often put in place by developers to maintain a certain standard or character in a neighbourhood, but they can linger on titles for decades—sometimes long after their original purpose is relevant.

• Common examples: No building above two storeys; no business operations from home; minimum setbacks from the street; prohibition of certain fencing materials.
• Binding nature: Covenants “run with the land”, meaning they bind future owners as well.
• Who enforces them? Usually, neighbouring landowners or the local council have the right to enforce.

2025 Updates: What’s Changed?

With Australia’s housing crunch and planning reforms, restrictive covenants have come under new scrutiny in 2025. Here are the latest trends and policy shifts:

• Victoria: The state government has introduced streamlined processes for removing outdated covenants, particularly where they block much-needed infill housing or conflict with new zoning laws. The Supreme Court’s threshold for modifying or removing a covenant has been clarified, making the process less ambiguous for applicants.
• NSW: The Land and Environment Court can now fast-track applications to extinguish covenants where they prevent medium-density or affordable housing developments, provided certain consultation steps are met.
• Queensland and WA: Local councils have been given more say in reviewing covenants as part of DA (development application) processes, especially if the covenant undermines state planning objectives.

The upshot? While covenants still carry legal weight, it’s getting easier in some states to challenge those that are clearly out of step with today’s housing needs.

How Restrictive Covenants Impact Buyers and Investors

Whether you’re buying your first home, subdividing, or planning a knock-down-rebuild, restrictive covenants can have a major financial impact. Here’s what to watch out for:

• Development potential: Covenants can prevent you from subdividing or building multiple dwellings, limiting future profit.
• Renovations: Even seemingly minor updates—like adding a granny flat or changing the façade—may breach a covenant, risking legal action from neighbours.
• Valuation risk: Properties with restrictive covenants may be valued lower if they limit flexibility, or higher if they protect amenity (such as views or architectural consistency).
• Legal costs: Challenging or removing a covenant can cost tens of thousands of dollars in legal and court fees, and success is not guaranteed.

Real-world example: In 2025, a Melbourne family attempted to subdivide a large backyard to build a second dwelling, only to discover a century-old covenant banning more than one home per title. Despite support from the local council, objecting neighbours forced the matter to the Supreme Court, adding time and significant legal costs to the project.

Due Diligence: Protect Yourself from Covenant Surprises

Given the risks, buyers and investors must make restrictive covenant checks a routine part of property due diligence. Here’s how:

• Title search: Always order a full title search and read the instrument carefully. Don’t assume real estate agents will flag covenants.
• Seek expert advice: Engage a conveyancer or property lawyer who can interpret the covenant and advise on its enforceability or removal prospects.
• Neighbour consultation: If you’re considering applying for removal or modification, consult affected neighbours early. Their consent (or lack thereof) can be crucial.
• Stay up to date: Planning laws and case law around covenants are evolving. What was impossible a few years ago may be feasible now.

Conclusion

Restrictive covenants are a powerful force in Australian property—sometimes protecting neighbourhood character, sometimes standing in the way of progress. With housing policy and legal frameworks shifting in 2025, it’s essential to treat covenants with the respect they deserve. Do your homework, consult the experts, and factor potential restrictions into any property decision. Smart due diligence today can save you major headaches tomorrow.